Replication Instructions for�Senate Countermajoritarianism�###############Last updated: April 2024For questions, please contact C. Lawrence Evans <clevan@wm.edu>The analysis reported in the article was conducted with Stata/SE 18.0 for Mac, revision 15 May 2023. Prior drafts used Stata/IC 14.2, revision 29 2018, and results were identical. In both cases, the operating system was macOS Monterey, version 12.6.6.The replication materials take the form of (I) Analysis datasets, (II) Analysis do files; and (III) Variable Construction do files and dataset.############### (I) Analysis datasetsSix datasets are necessary to reproduce the results included in the article and accompanying appendix: votes.dta, populations.dta, independent_vars.dta, motions.dta, eligible_electorate.dta, and FigA2.dta. Details about the variables included in each are provided in the Codebook. ############### (II) Analysis do filesThere are four do files that together include the Stata commands necessary to replicate the figures and tables included in the article and supplementary appendix, as well as results reported in the text or notes. For convenience, the commands necessary to reproduce the figures in the article are combined into a single do file entitled article_figures.do. The commands necessary to replicate the tables in the article are combined in article_tables.do. The commands for the figures included in the supplementary appendix can be found in appendix_figures.do. And the commands for the tables in the appendix are provided in appendix_tables.do. Table 4 of the article is a mostly qualitative summary with contents that are self-explanatory, and no Stata commands are directly associated with it.Within each of the four Analysis do files, the commands necessary to produce a figure or table are separated and arrayed in sequential order (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, and so on), with identifying information commented out with asterisks. The necessary Stata commands to use or merge in relevant datasets are included among the commands provided for each figure and table. Before running the commands, be sure to convert the data into Stata format and add the necessary file path information for all datasets used or merged in. ############### (III) Variable construction do files and datasetThe four Analysis do files and six main data sets are sufficient for reproducing the analysis included in the article and supplementary appendix. Moreover, almost all the variables included in the Analysis datasets are self-explanatory based on descriptions and notes provided in the Codebook, in conjunction with commands included in the Analysis do files. To construct certain of the variables, however, additional Stata commands are required, and they are provided via two supplemental do files: Variable_construction.do and population_estimates_construction.do. Also required is one additional dataset: population_decennial_pre1901.dta.Variable_construction.do includes the Stata commands necessary to create the variables �gini,� �closevote,� and �majfrac� that are included in independent_vars.dta. Also included here are the commands necessary to create the variables cmnoties and cmvp that are included in the dataset Figure A2.dta used to produce Figure A2 of the supplementary appendix. Consult the Codebook for details.The second supplementary do file related to variable construction is entitled population_estimates_construction.do. It provides the commands necessary to produce values of the variable �population� included in populations.dta for two-year congresses that occurred prior to 1901. A full explanation is provided in the section of the Codebook that describes the accompanying dataset, population_decennial_pre1901.dta, which along with these Stata commands was used to impose a linear progression and other adjustments on the pre-1901 decennial population estimates.2